Introduction

Road accidents are a major cause of injuries and fatalities worldwide. Many accidents become fatal due to not wearing helmets, drunk driving, and delayed emergency response. A Smart Helmet is an IoT-based safety system designed to improve rider safety by ensuring helmet usage, detecting alcohol consumption, and sending emergency alerts during accidents.

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Objective of the Project

• To ensure helmet usage before bike ignition
• To detect alcohol consumption by the rider
• To detect accidents automatically
• To send emergency alerts with location details

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Working Principle

1. Helmet-wearing is detected using a switch or IR sensor
2. Alcohol sensor checks for alcohol in the rider’s breath
3. Bike ignition is enabled only if conditions are safe
4. Accelerometer detects accident or fall
5. GPS and GSM send emergency alerts automatically

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Components Required

• Arduino Uno / Nano
• MQ-3 Alcohol Sensor
• IR Sensor / Pressure Switch
• Accelerometer (ADXL335 / MPU6050)
• GPS Module (NEO-6M)
• GSM Module (SIM800/900)
• Relay Module
• Buzzer
• Power Supply / Battery

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Block Diagram

Helmet Sensor + Alcohol Sensor
              ↓
         Arduino Controller
              ↓
   Relay → Bike Ignition
              ↓
Accelerometer → Accident Detection
              ↓
   GPS + GSM → Emergency Alert

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Circuit Connections

Alcohol Sensor (MQ-3)

A0 → A0 (Arduino)
VCC → 5V
GND → GND

Helmet Detection Switch

Switch → D2

Accelerometer (MPU6050 – I2C)

SDA → A4
SCL → A5

Relay Module

IN → D8
VCC → 5V
GND → GND

GSM Module

TX → D9
RX → D10

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Arduino Code (Smart Helmet)

#include <Wire.h>
#include <MPU6050.h>
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>

MPU6050 mpu;
SoftwareSerial gsm(9,10);

#define alcohol A0
#define helmet 2
#define relayPin 8

int alcoholValue;

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);
  gsm.begin(9600);
  Wire.begin();
  mpu.initialize();

  pinMode(helmet, INPUT);
  pinMode(relayPin, OUTPUT);
}

void loop() {
  alcoholValue = analogRead(alcohol);

  if (digitalRead(helmet) == HIGH && alcoholValue < 400) {
    digitalWrite(relayPin, HIGH); // Ignition ON
  } else {
    digitalWrite(relayPin, LOW);  // Ignition OFF
  }

  int16_t ax, ay, az;
  mpu.getAcceleration(&ax, &ay, &az);

  if (abs(ax) > 15000 || abs(ay) > 15000) {
    sendAlert();
    delay(5000);
  }
}

void sendAlert() {
  gsm.println("AT+CMGF=1");
  delay(1000);
  gsm.println("AT+CMGS=\"+91XXXXXXXXXX\"");
  delay(1000);
  gsm.println("Accident Detected! Immediate help required.");
  gsm.write(26);
}

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Code Explanation

• Helmet and alcohol sensors ensure safety compliance
• Relay controls bike ignition
• Accelerometer detects sudden impact
• GSM sends emergency SMS alert

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Advantages

• Prevents riding without helmet
• Reduces drunk driving accidents
• Automatic accident detection
• Faster emergency response

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Applications

• Two-wheeler safety systems
• Smart transportation solutions
• Accident prevention systems

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Future Enhancements

• Camera-based driver monitoring
• Mobile app connectivity
• Live location tracking
• AI-based accident severity detection

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Conclusion

The Smart Helmet project is a life-saving innovation that combines IoT, sensors, and communication technologies to enhance road safety. It ensures safe riding practices and provides immediate help during emergencies.