Introduction

Road accidents are one of the leading causes of serious injuries and fatalities. Often, accidents become fatal due to delay in medical assistance. An Accident Detection System is an intelligent safety solution that automatically detects road accidents and immediately sends emergency alerts with location details to rescue teams or family members.

This system uses accelerometers, GPS, and GSM/IoT technology to provide quick emergency response.

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Objective of the Project

• To automatically detect vehicle accidents
• To send emergency alerts instantly
• To provide real-time location using GPS
• To reduce response time during accidents

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Working Principle

1. Accelerometer continuously monitors vehicle movement
2. Sudden impact or abnormal tilt indicates an accident
3. Microcontroller confirms accident condition
4. GPS fetches current location
5. GSM/IoT module sends emergency alert with coordinates

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Components Required

• Arduino Uno / ESP32
• Accelerometer (MPU6050 / ADXL345)
• GPS Module (NEO-6M)
• GSM Module (SIM800 / SIM900)
• Buzzer
• Push Button (False alarm reset)
• Power Supply / Battery

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Block Diagram

Accelerometer
      ↓
Microcontroller
      ↓
Buzzer + Button
      ↓
GPS Module → Location
      ↓
GSM / IoT → Emergency Alert

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Circuit Connections

Accelerometer (MPU6050 – I2C)

VCC → 5V
GND → GND
SDA → A4
SCL → A5

GPS Module

TX → D4
RX → D3

GSM Module

TX → D9
RX → D10

Buzzer

+ → D8
- → GND

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Arduino Code (Accident Detection System)

#include <Wire.h>
#include <MPU6050.h>
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>

MPU6050 mpu;
SoftwareSerial gps(3,4);
SoftwareSerial gsm(9,10);

#define buzzer 8

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);
  Wire.begin();
  mpu.initialize();
  gps.begin(9600);
  gsm.begin(9600);
  pinMode(buzzer, OUTPUT);
}

void loop() {
  int16_t ax, ay, az;
  mpu.getAcceleration(&ax, &ay, &az);

  if (abs(ax) > 16000 || abs(ay) > 16000 || abs(az) > 16000) {
    digitalWrite(buzzer, HIGH);
    delay(2000);
    sendAlert();
    digitalWrite(buzzer, LOW);
    delay(5000);
  }
}

void sendAlert() {
  gsm.println("AT+CMGF=1");
  delay(1000);
  gsm.println("AT+CMGS=\"+91XXXXXXXXXX\"");
  delay(1000);
  gsm.println("Accident Detected! Please send help immediately.");
  gsm.write(26);
}

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Code Explanation

• Accelerometer monitors sudden acceleration changes
• Microcontroller detects accident conditions
• Buzzer alerts nearby people
• GSM sends emergency SMS automatically

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Advantages

• Automatic accident detection
• Faster emergency response
• Works without human intervention
• Reduces fatality risk

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Applications

• Vehicle safety systems
• Smart transportation
• Emergency response systems
• Insurance and fleet management

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Future Enhancements

• AI-based accident severity analysis
• Cloud-based accident logging
• Mobile app alerts
• Integration with emergency services

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Conclusion

The Accident Detection System is a critical safety innovation that can save lives by reducing emergency response time. By combining sensors, GPS, and communication modules, this system ensures immediate help during accidents.