Introduction

A Smart Doorbell with Camera is an advanced home security device that allows homeowners to see and communicate with visitors remotely via a mobile app. This system combines IoT, video streaming, and notification alerts to enhance home safety and convenience.

It is widely used in smart homes, offices, and gated communities.

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Objective of the Project

• To detect visitors at the door in real time
• To stream video to a mobile app
• To notify homeowners instantly when someone presses the doorbell
• To enable communication via audio or video

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Working Principle

1. A doorbell button triggers the system
2. Camera module captures live video of the visitor
3. Microcontroller / microcomputer (ESP32-CAM / Raspberry Pi) processes the video
4. IoT integration sends notifications and live video to a smartphone
5. Optional: Two-way audio allows communication with the visitor

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Components Required

• ESP32-CAM module (with built-in camera)
• Push button (doorbell)
• MicroSD card (for video storage, optional)
• Power supply (5V / 2A)
• Wi-Fi network
• Smartphone or PC for monitoring

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Block Diagram

Doorbell Button
        ↓
    ESP32-CAM
        ↓
   Capture Video
        ↓
     Wi-Fi / IoT
        ↓
 Mobile App / Web Browser
        ↓
 Notification & Live Stream

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Circuit Connections (ESP32-CAM Example)

Push Button:
  One pin → 3.3V
  Other pin → GPIO 13
  Pull-down resistor → GND

ESP32-CAM:
  Power → 5V (external)
  GND → GND
  TX / RX → Not required unless serial debugging

ESP32-CAM has a built-in camera; you just need to provide power and connect the doorbell trigger pin.

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Arduino Code (ESP32-CAM Smart Doorbell)

#include "esp_camera.h"
#include <WiFi.h>

#define BUTTON_PIN 13
const char* ssid = "Your_SSID";
const char* password = "Your_PASSWORD";

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  pinMode(BUTTON_PIN, INPUT_PULLDOWN);

  WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
  while(WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED){
    delay(500);
    Serial.print(".");
  }
  Serial.println("WiFi Connected");

  camera_config_t config;
  config.ledc_channel = LEDC_CHANNEL_0;
  config.ledc_timer = LEDC_TIMER_0;
  config.pin_d0 = 5;
  config.pin_d1 = 18;
  config.pin_d2 = 19;
  config.pin_d3 = 21;
  config.pin_d4 = 36;
  config.pin_d5 = 39;
  config.pin_d6 = 34;
  config.pin_d7 = 35;
  config.pin_xclk = 0;
  config.pin_pclk = 22;
  config.pin_vsync = 25;
  config.pin_href = 23;
  config.pin_sccb_sda = 26;
  config.pin_sccb_scl = 27;
  config.pin_pwdn = 32;
  config.pin_reset = -1;
  config.xclk_freq_hz = 20000000;
  config.pixel_format = PIXFORMAT_JPEG;
  config.frame_size = FRAMESIZE_VGA;
  config.jpeg_quality = 10;
  config.fb_count = 2;
  esp_camera_init(&config);
}

void loop() {
  if(digitalRead(BUTTON_PIN) == HIGH) {
    Serial.println("Doorbell Pressed!");
    // Capture Image
    camera_fb_t * fb = esp_camera_fb_get();
    if(!fb){
      Serial.println("Camera capture failed");
      return;
    }
    // Send image via Wi-Fi / save to server
    esp_camera_fb_return(fb);
    delay(5000); // Debounce and avoid repeated triggers
  }
}

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Code Explanation

• ESP32-CAM is configured to connect to Wi-Fi
• Push button triggers image capture
• Captured image/video can be sent to cloud or mobile app
• ESP32-CAM allows integration with Blynk, Firebase, or custom web server for live streaming
• Optional: Two-way audio can be implemented with I2S microphone and speaker

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Advantages

• Real-time visitor monitoring
• Remote notification via mobile app
• Enhances home security
• Low-cost and DIY-friendly

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Applications

• Smart homes
• Offices and workplaces
• Gated communities and apartments
• Elderly care or monitoring

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Future Enhancements

• Two-way audio communication
• Cloud storage of video history
• Integration with facial recognition for authorized visitors
• Push notifications with snapshots

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Conclusion

The Smart Doorbell with Camera is an essential mini + innovation project that combines IoT, embedded systems, and security. It provides remote monitoring, notifications, and safety, making it perfect for smart home enthusiasts and students.