Introduction

The Smart Energy Saving System is an IoT-based intelligent solution designed to reduce unnecessary power consumption in homes, offices, and industries.

By using sensors, automation, and real-time monitoring, this system ensures that electrical appliances operate only when required, thereby saving energy, reducing electricity bills, and supporting environmental sustainability.

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Objectives of the Project

• To minimize electricity wastage
• To automate control of electrical appliances
• To monitor real-time energy usage
• To reduce electricity costs
• To promote energy-efficient living

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Working Principle

1. Motion sensors detect human presence in rooms
2. Light sensors (LDR) detect ambient light conditions
3. Microcontroller analyzes sensor data
4. Electrical appliances are turned ON/OFF automatically
5. Power consumption data is sent to cloud (optional)
6. Users can monitor and control appliances remotely

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Components Required

• ESP32 / ESP8266 / Arduino
• PIR Motion Sensor
• LDR (Light Dependent Resistor)
• Relay Module
• Energy Meter Sensor (optional)
• Wi-Fi Module
• LEDs / Electrical Appliances
• Power supply
• Jumper wires

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Block Diagram

Motion Sensor + LDR
        ↓
Microcontroller (ESP32)
        ↓
Energy Saving Logic
        ↓
Relay Module
        ↓
Electrical Appliances
        ↓
Wi-Fi / Cloud Dashboard

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Circuit Connections (Arduino Example)

PIR Motion Sensor

VCC → 5V
GND → GND
OUT → D2

LDR

One end → 5V
Other end → A0 (with 10kΩ resistor to GND)

Relay Module

IN → D8
VCC → 5V
GND → GND

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Arduino Code (Smart Energy Saving System)

#define PIR_SENSOR 2
#define LDR_PIN A0
#define RELAY 8

void setup() {
  pinMode(PIR_SENSOR, INPUT);
  pinMode(RELAY, OUTPUT);
  Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop() {
  int motion = digitalRead(PIR_SENSOR);
  int lightLevel = analogRead(LDR_PIN);

  if (motion == HIGH && lightLevel < 500) {
    digitalWrite(RELAY, HIGH);  // Turn ON appliance
    Serial.println("Appliance ON - Occupancy Detected");
  } else {
    digitalWrite(RELAY, LOW);   // Turn OFF appliance
    Serial.println("Appliance OFF - Energy Saving Mode");
  }

  delay(1000);
}

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Code Explanation

• PIR sensor detects presence
• LDR checks lighting conditions
• Relay controls electrical appliances
• Appliances turn OFF automatically when not needed

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Advantages

• Reduces electricity wastage
• Lowers energy bills
• Automatic operation
• Environment-friendly solution
• Scalable for smart buildings

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Applications

• Smart homes
• Offices and classrooms
• Street lighting systems
• Commercial buildings
• Green energy systems

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Future Enhancements

• AI-based energy consumption prediction
• Mobile app energy dashboard
• Smart meter integration
• Solar energy optimization
• Voice-controlled appliances

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Conclusion

The Smart Energy Saving System is an efficient and intelligent automation project that significantly reduces power wastage. It is an excellent project for IoT learning, smart home systems, and sustainable energy solutions.