Introduction

A Smart Fire Extinguisher is an automated safety system designed to detect and extinguish fires quickly without human intervention. By using sensors, microcontrollers, and actuators, this system can protect homes, offices, and industrial areas from fire hazards.

This project demonstrates IoT-based automation, safety technology, and emergency response systems.

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Objective of the Project

• To detect fire or smoke automatically
• To activate a fire-extinguishing mechanism (fan, water pump, or spray)
• To alert nearby people with buzzer or notifications
• To integrate IoT for remote fire alerts and monitoring

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Working Principle

1. Flame sensors or smoke sensors detect fire in a room or area
2. Microcontroller continuously monitors sensor data
3. On detecting a fire, the system:
   • Activates buzzer and LEDs as alerts
   • Triggers fire extinguisher actuator (like water pump or servo to release extinguisher)
4. Optional IoT integration sends notifications to mobile app or cloud
5. The system can prevent fire spread by responding instantly and autonomously

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Components Required

• Arduino Uno / ESP32
• Flame Sensor (IR-based) or Smoke Sensor (MQ-2)
• Relay Module (to control actuator)
• Water Pump or Servo Motor (for extinguisher release)
• Buzzer and LEDs (for alert)
• Jumper wires and power supply
• Optional Wi-Fi module (ESP8266 / ESP32 built-in) for IoT

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Block Diagram

Flame / Smoke Sensor
        ↓
Microcontroller (Arduino/ESP32)
        ↓
Buzzer & LED Alert
        ↓
Relay Module → Fire Extinguisher Actuator
        ↓
Optional: IoT Cloud / Mobile Notifications

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Circuit Connections (Arduino + Flame Sensor Example)

Flame Sensor

VCC → 5V
GND → GND
OUT → D2 (Arduino Digital Pin)

Buzzer

+ → D8
- → GND

LEDs

Red LED → D3 (with 220Ω resistor)
Green LED → D4 (with 220Ω resistor)

Relay Module + Water Pump / Servo

IN → D7 (Arduino Digital Pin)
VCC → 5V
GND → GND
COM → Power supply live to pump
NO → Pump live input

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Arduino Code (Smart Fire Extinguisher)

#define FLAME_SENSOR 2
#define BUZZER 8
#define RED_LED 3
#define GREEN_LED 4
#define RELAY 7

void setup() {
  pinMode(FLAME_SENSOR, INPUT);
  pinMode(BUZZER, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(RED_LED, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(GREEN_LED, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(RELAY, OUTPUT);

  digitalWrite(RED_LED, LOW);
  digitalWrite(GREEN_LED, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(RELAY, LOW);

  Serial.begin(9600);
  Serial.println("Smart Fire Extinguisher System Ready");
}

void loop() {
  int flameState = digitalRead(FLAME_SENSOR);

  if(flameState == LOW){ // Fire detected
    Serial.println("Fire Detected! Activating System...");
    digitalWrite(RED_LED, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(GREEN_LED, LOW);
    digitalWrite(BUZZER, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(RELAY, HIGH); // Activate water pump or servo
  } else { // No fire
    digitalWrite(RED_LED, LOW);
    digitalWrite(GREEN_LED, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(BUZZER, LOW);
    digitalWrite(RELAY, LOW);
  }

  delay(500);
}

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Code Explanation

• Flame or smoke sensor detects fire presence
• Microcontroller triggers buzzer and red LED alert
• Relay module activates water pump or servo to extinguish fire
• Green LED indicates safe state
• Optional IoT integration can send alert messages to mobile apps

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Advantages

• Automatic and instant fire detection
• Reduces human intervention and response time
• Integrates with IoT for remote monitoring
• Compact and suitable for homes, offices, or labs

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Applications

• Home and office safety systems
• Laboratories and industrial fire protection
• IoT-based smart fire alarm projects
• Educational demonstrations of automated safety systems

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Future Enhancements

• Add multiple flame or smoke sensors for larger areas
• Integrate camera-based fire detection for visual alerts
• IoT notification with SMS/email alerts
• Integration with sprinkler systems or gas-based extinguishers

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Conclusion

The Smart Fire Extinguisher System is a mini + innovation project that demonstrates automation, safety, and IoT technology. It ensures instant fire detection and response, reducing hazards and saving lives in homes, offices, and industries.