Introduction

The Smart Garbage Level Monitoring System is an IoT-based smart city solution designed to monitor garbage levels in dustbins in real time. It helps municipal authorities optimize waste collection, reduce overflowing bins, and maintain a clean and hygienic environment.

This system plays an important role in smart city development and efficient waste management.

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Objectives of the Project

• To monitor garbage levels in bins automatically
• To prevent overflow of garbage
• To send real-time alerts when bins are full
• To optimize waste collection routes
• To promote cleanliness and hygiene

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Working Principle

1. An ultrasonic sensor is placed at the top of the garbage bin
2. The sensor measures the distance between garbage and sensor
3. Based on distance, the garbage level is calculated
4. Data is processed by ESP32/ESP8266 microcontroller
5. When the bin reaches a threshold level, an alert is triggered
6. Data is sent to cloud/mobile app for monitoring

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Components Required

• ESP32 / ESP8266 NodeMCU
• Ultrasonic Sensor (HC-SR04)
• LED Indicators
• Buzzer (optional)
• LCD Display (optional)
• Wi-Fi connectivity
• Power supply
• Jumper wires

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Block Diagram

Ultrasonic Sensor
        ↓
ESP32 / ESP8266
        ↓
Level Analysis
        ↓
LED / Buzzer Alert
        ↓
Cloud Server
        ↓
Mobile App / Web Dashboard

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Circuit Connections (Ultrasonic Sensor + ESP32)

Ultrasonic Sensor

VCC → 5V
GND → GND
Trig → GPIO 5
Echo → GPIO 18

LED Indicators

Green LED → GPIO 12 (Bin Empty)
Red LED → GPIO 13 (Bin Full)

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Arduino Code (Smart Garbage Level Monitoring)

#define TRIG_PIN 5
#define ECHO_PIN 18
#define GREEN_LED 12
#define RED_LED 13

long duration;
int distance;

void setup() {
  pinMode(TRIG_PIN, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(ECHO_PIN, INPUT);
  pinMode(GREEN_LED, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(RED_LED, OUTPUT);

  Serial.begin(115200);
  Serial.println("Smart Garbage Monitoring System Started");
}

void loop() {
  digitalWrite(TRIG_PIN, LOW);
  delayMicroseconds(2);
  digitalWrite(TRIG_PIN, HIGH);
  delayMicroseconds(10);
  digitalWrite(TRIG_PIN, LOW);

  duration = pulseIn(ECHO_PIN, HIGH);
  distance = duration * 0.034 / 2;

  if(distance < 10) {   // Bin Full
    digitalWrite(RED_LED, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(GREEN_LED, LOW);
    Serial.println("Garbage Bin FULL");
  } else {
    digitalWrite(RED_LED, LOW);
    digitalWrite(GREEN_LED, HIGH);
    Serial.println("Garbage Bin EMPTY / PARTIALLY FILLED");
  }

  delay(2000);
}

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Code Explanation

• Ultrasonic sensor measures garbage level
• ESP32 processes the distance data
• LEDs indicate bin status
• Data can be sent to cloud using Wi-Fi
• Authorities can monitor bins remotely

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Advantages

• Prevents overflow of garbage bins
• Reduces unnecessary waste collection trips
• Improves city cleanliness
• Real-time monitoring
• Low cost and scalable solution

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Applications

• Smart city waste management
• Residential societies
• Hospitals and schools
• Public places and railway stations
• Shopping malls

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Future Enhancements

• GPS integration for bin location tracking
• Mobile app notifications
• AI-based waste prediction
• Solar-powered garbage bins
• Route optimization for garbage trucks

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Conclusion

The Smart Garbage Level Monitoring System is an innovative IoT-based project that ensures efficient waste management, reduces operational costs, and supports clean and smart city initiatives.