Introduction

With increasing energy demand and rising electricity costs, efficient power usage has become essential. A Smart Power Management System is an IoT-based solution that monitors, controls, and optimizes electrical power consumption in real time.

This system helps reduce energy wastage, enables remote monitoring, and supports energy-efficient smart homes and industries.

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Objective of the Project

• To monitor real-time power consumption
• To reduce unnecessary energy usage
• To control electrical loads remotely
• To provide energy usage analytics

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Working Principle

1. Current and voltage sensors measure power consumption
2. Microcontroller calculates energy usage
3. Data is displayed locally and sent to cloud
4. Loads are controlled using relays
5. Alerts are generated for overload conditions

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Components Required

• ESP32 / Arduino Uno
• Current Sensor (ACS712)
• Voltage Sensor Module
• Relay Module
• LCD / OLED Display
• Wi-Fi Module (ESP8266 if Arduino used)
• Power Supply
• IoT Platform (Blynk / ThingSpeak / Firebase)

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Block Diagram

Voltage & Current Sensors
           ↓
    Microcontroller
           ↓
   LCD Display + Relay
           ↓
        Wi-Fi
           ↓
      Cloud Server

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Circuit Connections (ESP32 Example)

Current Sensor (ACS712)

OUT → GPIO34
VCC → 5V
GND → GND

Voltage Sensor

OUT → GPIO35
VCC → 5V
GND → GND

Relay Module

IN → GPIO25
VCC → 5V
GND → GND

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IoT Arduino Code (Smart Power Management)

#include <WiFi.h>
#include "ThingSpeak.h"

#define currentPin 34
#define voltagePin 35
#define relayPin 25

WiFiClient client;

const char* ssid = "Your_WiFi";
const char* password = "Your_Password";

unsigned long channelID = 123456;
const char* writeAPIKey = "YOUR_API_KEY";

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);
  pinMode(relayPin, OUTPUT);

  WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
  while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
    delay(500);
  }

  ThingSpeak.begin(client);
}

void loop() {
  int currentValue = analogRead(currentPin);
  int voltageValue = analogRead(voltagePin);

  float current = (currentValue - 2048) * 0.026;
  float voltage = voltageValue * 0.1;
  float power = voltage * current;

  Serial.print("Voltage: ");
  Serial.println(voltage);
  Serial.print("Current: ");
  Serial.println(current);
  Serial.print("Power: ");
  Serial.println(power);

  if (power > 500) {
    digitalWrite(relayPin, LOW);  // Cut off load
  } else {
    digitalWrite(relayPin, HIGH);
  }

  ThingSpeak.setField(1, voltage);
  ThingSpeak.setField(2, current);
  ThingSpeak.setField(3, power);
  ThingSpeak.writeFields(channelID, writeAPIKey);

  delay(15000);
}

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Code Explanation

• Sensors measure voltage and current
• ESP32 calculates power consumption
• Relay disconnects load during overload
• Power data is uploaded to cloud

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Advantages

• Reduces power wastage
• Remote energy monitoring
• Prevents overload damage
• Cost-efficient energy usage

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Applications

• Smart homes
• Industrial energy monitoring
• Smart grids
• Power optimization systems

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Future Enhancements

• AI-based energy prediction
• Mobile app power analytics
• Solar energy integration
• Smart billing system

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Conclusion

The Smart Power Management System is a powerful solution for efficient energy usage. By combining IoT, sensors, and automation, it helps reduce power consumption, lower electricity bills, and promote sustainable energy practices.