Introduction

The Smart Traffic Violation Detection System is an intelligent and automated traffic monitoring solution designed to detect traffic rule violations such as signal jumping, overspeeding, helmet/seatbelt violations, and unauthorized vehicle movement.

By integrating sensors, cameras, microcontrollers, and IoT technology, this system reduces the need for manual traffic monitoring and helps improve road safety and law enforcement efficiency.

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Objectives of the Project

• To automatically detect traffic rule violations
• To reduce human intervention in traffic monitoring
• To improve road safety and traffic discipline
• To record and store violation data digitally
• To send real-time alerts to traffic authorities

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Working Principle

1. Traffic signal status is monitored using a microcontroller
2. IR sensors or ultrasonic sensors detect vehicle movement near traffic signals
3. When a vehicle crosses the signal during red light, a violation is detected
4. Optional camera module captures the vehicle image or number plate
5. The microcontroller processes the violation data
6. Using IoT (Wi-Fi/GSM), the data is sent to a server or authority dashboard
7. A buzzer or LED can provide immediate indication of violation

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Components Required

• Arduino Uno / ESP32
• IR Sensors / Ultrasonic Sensors
• Traffic Light LEDs (Red, Yellow, Green)
• Camera Module (ESP32-CAM – optional)
• Buzzer
• LCD Display (optional)
• Wi-Fi Module (ESP8266) or GSM Module
• Jumper wires and power supply

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Block Diagram

IR / Ultrasonic Sensors
        ↓
Traffic Signal Status
        ↓
Microcontroller (Arduino / ESP32)
        ↓
Violation Detection Logic
        ↓
Buzzer / LED Alert
        ↓
Camera Capture (Optional)
        ↓
IoT Cloud / Traffic Authority System

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Circuit Connections (Arduino Example)

IR Sensor

VCC → 5V
GND → GND
OUT → D2

Traffic Light LEDs

Red LED → D3 (with 220Ω resistor)
Yellow LED → D4 (with 220Ω resistor)
Green LED → D5 (with 220Ω resistor)

Buzzer

+ → D8
- → GND

Optional ESP8266 (IoT)

TX → RX (Arduino)
RX → TX (Arduino)
VCC → 3.3V
GND → GND

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Arduino Code (Traffic Signal Violation Detection – Demo)

#define IR_SENSOR 2
#define RED_LED 3
#define YELLOW_LED 4
#define GREEN_LED 5
#define BUZZER 8

void setup() {
  pinMode(IR_SENSOR, INPUT);
  pinMode(RED_LED, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(YELLOW_LED, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(GREEN_LED, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(BUZZER, OUTPUT);

  Serial.begin(9600);
  digitalWrite(RED_LED, HIGH);   // Red signal ON
  digitalWrite(GREEN_LED, LOW);
}

void loop() {
  int vehicle = digitalRead(IR_SENSOR);

  // Vehicle crossing during red signal
  if(vehicle == HIGH && digitalRead(RED_LED) == HIGH) {
    Serial.println("Traffic Violation Detected!");
    digitalWrite(BUZZER, HIGH);
    delay(500);
    digitalWrite(BUZZER, LOW);
  }

  delay(200);
}

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Code Explanation

• IR sensor detects vehicle movement
• If a vehicle crosses during RED signal, the system flags a violation
• Buzzer gives instant alert
• Violation data can be uploaded to cloud via IoT
• Camera module can capture vehicle image for proof

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Advantages

• Fully automated traffic violation detection
• Reduces manual traffic policing workload
• Improves road safety and traffic discipline
• Digital record of violations
• Scalable for smart city implementation

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Applications

• Smart city traffic management systems
• Highway monitoring systems
• Accident prevention systems
• Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)
• Traffic research and analytics

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Future Enhancements

• AI-based number plate recognition (ANPR)
• Helmet and seatbelt detection using AI cameras
• Automatic fine generation system
• Integration with traffic police databases
• Real-time mobile app for authorities

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Conclusion

The Smart Traffic Violation Detection System is a high-impact smart city project that uses automation, sensors, and IoT to improve road safety and traffic law enforcement. It minimizes human error, ensures faster response, and supports digital traffic governance.